What is DNA and structure?
The future of every living being on the earth should be decided in one place called DNA.
In simple words, the root cause of living and mystery of living is DNA only.
What is DNA and how it works?
Let us know about many interesting things about DNA.
You will be surprised if you know about a great system running in our body in our absence of consciousness.
Every human life begins in the same manner.
Two single cells, from mother and father fuse together to form a single cell.
Later, it will be divided into two cells, again these two into four. These divisions of cells make 10 trillion cells.
How to form billions of cells into a human shape, which cells have to make eye, which cells have to make hands, which cells have to make brain and etc.. can be said by DNA.
What is meant by DNA?
DNA which means Deoxyribonucleic acid.
It means, all the instructions that tell how to build our body are present in the form of genes inside a DNA.
To be simple, if DNA is a library, then genes are the books present inside it.
What color should we have, what should our blood group be, where to form our head, how many fingers should our hand have etc.. information regarding our entire body is in the form of genes and resides in DNA. Like this DNA 🧬 contains nearly 20,000 to 40,000 genes. In such a way, every living being contains DNA having data related to their own body.
What are the 3 structures of DNA?
Genes in the DNA of corn are more than in humans.
Ok, let us see how DNA will be. In the middle of every cell of our body, DNA is situated in the form of double helix. It is made up of adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine molecules. These are simply represented as A, T, G and C. In these, A is always paired with T while G with C.
All of our genetic information is stored on the basis of these configurations. In each cell, DNA is in the form of thread.
The length of DNA extracted from a single cell will be 2 metres in length. Just imagine, an invisible cell of size 0.09 micrometre length, consists of 2 meter length DNA, what a wonderful construction it is!
It means if you take out DNA from 10 trillion cells of our body stretch it out from end to end, the length is enough to reach Pluto from earth and return to earth.
Let us learn how data will be stored in DNA.
As we saw earlier, any 3 molecules in A, T, G and C combine to form a word. For example, ATC, TGA, GAC, CAG etc..
Here 3 letters are grouped to form a word, like this each cell of our body stores data having a length of 300 core letters.
All the humans in the world constitute 99.9% of the same DNA, remaining 0.1% causes differences in our color, height, shape, linement etc.. Also, our DNA is 98% similar to chimpanzee DNA. Another miracle is that human DNA matches 50% to a Bananas DNA.
Now we see what type of effect we receive if a change in DNA occurs.
As we have seen earlier, DNA is a sequence that is made up of A, T, G and C molecules.
Now during cell division, DNA in the first cell gets copied into second as it is. But, due to some occurrence of errors, this sequence gets changed and damages the DNA. Also, UV rays ☀️ from sun or due to some chemicals or narcotics or during smoking time, DNA gets damaged. For these reasons, DNA gets damaged nearly 10 lakhs times a day. But our body has a self repair mechanism. It repalces damaged DNA continuously. But sometimes damaged DNA cannot be repaired. This situation is called "mutation".
Damaged DNA may not harm us or become useful to us, but it can also lead to cancer.
In 1990, the American government wanted to find the complete sequence of DNA, so that they could find their genetic code. For this, they have started a human genome project. It has taken 13 years for some hundreds of scientists to find the sequence of 300 crore base pairs in DNA of single human cells. To complete this project, it takes 3 billion dollars, which means more than 20,000 crore rupees per rupee value now. Now it takes one hour to read the DNA of a person at a cost of $1000 dollars. By this we can understand how fast this field is developing.
The information of our ancestors' memories and experiences is in our DNA. According to a recent study, we may receive effects from our ancestors of 14 generations.
This is the reason why some people come up with an analogy to their parents or grandparents or uncles or diseases that come inherently from ancestors and only because of DNA. We have observed some people who acquire arts by birth. Childhood onwards some people can draw pictures, can do mathematical calculations well, this is due to one of the ancestors having such capability and acquired through DNA. In this way, information regarding our ancestors is stored in DNA.
Can DNA store information?
According to a study, we can store 215 petabytes of data in one gram of DNA that means 21,50,00,000 (21 crore 50 lakhs) GBs of data.
Already scientists have started saving data in DNA. First they convert digital data into binary system, then it is encoded I to 4 letters DNA codes of A, T, G and C.
CDs, memory cards we are using today remain for few years only. But data saved in DNA lasts for some hundred thousand of years, safely. Now we are using large servers nad huge data storages for storing data. But the technology which stores data in DNA then we can store 10 crore HD movies in a size of small eraser that resides at the top of the pencil. We can store entire information in this world with in a shoe box sized DNA.
CRISPR Technology :
In future there may be some days when we can store images, videos and other files in DNA. Now our scientific technology step forward that is Genome Editting, which means a technology which provides an opportunity to edit and design our own DNA on our like. This is called CRISPR.
In some families there may be some diseases which affect some generations inherently. In that situation, we can save our children from such diseases by removing some part of DNA that is responsible for disease.
With this Crisper technology scientists are trying to cure some terrific disease like cancer, AIDS etc...
What is Genome Editting?
Scientists of kobe University in Japan, succeeded in blocking spreading of AIDS attacked cells through Genome Editting. Main objective of of this genetic engineering is to cure diseases, getting babies without defects, increasing life span of man.
But this DNA editing should be done very carefully. If any mistakes were happen when editing genes then there is a possibility of unexpected results.
Finally a living organism - how to born, how to grow, how to behave etc should be decided by DNA. Actually if we are a computer then DNA is our software. A computer cannot run with software and situation is same in us. Giving the ability to DNA to drive millions of lives in a small cell that cannot be seen by naked eye.
Storing genetic information from many generations, all such complex structure is really a wonder.
Thanks 😊☺️😊
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